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chloride 4

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chloride ingress 3

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activated carbon 2

adsorption mechanism 2

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Coupled diffusion of chloride and other ions in saturated concrete

Nattapong DAMRONGWIRIYANUPAP, Linyuan LI, Yunping XI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 267-277 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0112-z

Abstract: Corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ions is one of the severe deterioration problems in long-termThe diffusion of chloride ions is associated and strongly affected by other ions in the pore solutionNernst-Planck equation which considered not only diffusion mechanism of the chloride ions but also ionicinteraction among other ions coming from externally applied deicers and within the Portland cement pasteThe material models of chloride binding capacity and chloride diffusion coefficient were incorporated

Keywords： diffusion     chloride     concrete     Nernst-Planck equation     durability    

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Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave-activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH, and chlorideions

Yuchi LEE, Shanglien LO, Jeff KUO, Chinghong HSIEH

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 17-25 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0371-x

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of pH (pH= 2.5, 6.6, 8.8, and 10.5), chlorideBoth high pH and chloride concentrations would result in more scavenging of sulfate free radicals andWhen chloride concentrations were less than 0.04 mol·L at 90°C and 0.06 mol·L at 60°C, presence ofchloride ions had insignificant impacts on PFOA degradation.beyond these concentration levels, PFOA degradation rates reduced significantly with an increase in chloride

Keywords： microwave     perfluorooctanoic acid     pH     persulfate     chloride ions     perfluorocarboxylic acids    

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Characterization of electrode fouling during electrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutant

Xuefeng Liu, Shijie You, Fang Ma, Hao Zhou

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1345-7

Abstract: ., chloride) could exert a major influence to the behavior of electrode fouling.The presence of chloride was shown to mitigate the fouling of electrode significantly through preventingformation of polymeric film by active chlorine (e.g., Cl• and Cl2) produced from anodic oxidation of chlorideSince chloride is the most abundant anionic species existing in both natural and engineered water systemthe mechanism of electrode fouling, but also suggests strategies for anti-fouling in the presence of chloride

Keywords： Electro-oxidation     Electrode fouling     Polymeric film     Chloride ions    

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

Abstract: The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023

Keywords： Vinyl chloride     Combustion     Chemical safety management     Environmental risk     Emerging contaminants    

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Evaluating effect of chloride attack and concrete cover on the probability of corrosion

Sanjeev Kumar VERMA, Sudhir Singh BHADAURIA, Saleem AKHTAR

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 379-390 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0223-9

Abstract: recently performed chlorination studies, and from results of a field survey evaluates the effect of chloridecontent on the probability of corrosion and the influence of concrete compressive strength on the chloridecontent and penetration, also evaluates the effect of concrete cover over the chloride content of the

Keywords： concrete     chloride     reinforcement     corrosion     deterioration     cover    

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Progress on cleaner production of vinyl chloride monomers over non-mercury catalysts

Jinli ZHANG, Nan LIU, Wei LI, Bin DAI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 514-520 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1114-z

Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become the third most used plastic after polyethylene and polypropylenePolyvinyl chloride is produced by polymerization of the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which is manufacturedHowever, the industrial production of VCM utilizes a mercuric chloride catalyst to promote the reactionof acetylene and hydrogen chloride.During the hydrochlorination, the highly toxic mercuric chloride tends to sublime, resulting in the deactivation

Keywords： polyvinyl chloride     vinyl chloride monomer     acetylene hydrochlorination     non-mercury catalysts     green chemical    

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Chloride binding and time-dependent surface chloride content models for fly ash concrete

S. MUTHULINGAM,B. N. RAO

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 112-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0322-x

Abstract: embedded rebars is a classical deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chlorideChloride ingress into concrete, essential for inducing rebar corrosion, is a complex interaction betweenchloride content under tidal exposure condition; and 2) chloride binding.First, inconsistencies in surface chloride content and chloride binding models reported in literatureSecondly, to avoid such inconsistencies, surface chloride content and chloride binding models for fly

Keywords： binding isotherms     chloride ingress     concrete     fly ash     surface chloride content    

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On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

Lv XU, Yuanyang HU, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 181-184 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0065-2

Abstract: A calcium chloride solution with a different extender, which is made up of either pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, or calcium chloride with activated carbon, acts differentlyThe mass ratio between calcium chloride with expanded graphite or activated carbon is almost 4∶, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, and calcium chloride with activated carbon, the strongest, the weakest oxidation creation happened in the solution of calcium chloride with activated carbon,

Keywords： stainless steel     corrosion     calcium chloride     expanded graphite     activated carbon     oxidation creation     pitting    

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minimized fluorescent chemosensor array utilizing carboxylate-attached polythiophenes on a chip for metal ions

Yui Sasaki, Xiaojun Lyu, Zhoujie Zhang, Tsuyoshi Minami

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 72-80 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2037-y

Abstract: types of carboxylate-functionalized polythiophene derivatives for the detection of eight types of metal ionsUpon recognition of the metal ions, the polythiophenes exhibited changes in their fluorescence intensityConsequently, the metal ions in aqueous media were successfully discriminated qualitatively and quantitatively

Keywords： metal ions     polythiophene     chemosensor array     fluorescence     pattern recognition    

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Spectrokinetics study of probable effects of diverse inorganic ions on bleaching of dye

Rafia AZMAT, Masooda QADRI, Fahim UDDIN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 131-138 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0556-z

Abstract: The current study describes the interactive role of diverse inorganic material ions on the bleachingof toluidine blue (tolonium chloride) (TB ) with urea in acidic and basic media using the spectrophotometricNo decoloration in acidic medium with diverse ions was seen compared to alkaline media, showing thatA mechanism of interaction of diverse ions in dye bleaching and a mechanism of reduction based on the

Keywords： TB     diverse ions     suppress     decoloration    

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Nano-copper ions assembled cellulose-based composite with antibacterial activity for biodegradable personal

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1544-1554 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2288-2

Abstract: In this study, nano-copper ions assembled cotton fabric used in face masks to impart antibacterial activitymodified by sodium chloroacetate after its mercerization, and assembled with bactericidal nano-copper ionsEscherichia coli because the gaps between fibers in the cotton fabric allow the nano-copper ionsThis green, economical, facile, and scalable process of depositing nano-copper ions onto modified cotton

Keywords： cellulose-based     nanocomposite     biodegradable antibacterial fabric     nano-copper ions     face masks    

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Green process to recover magnesium chloride from residue solution of potassium chloride production plant

WANG Lin, HE Yunliang, WANG Yanfei, BAO Ying, WANG Jingkang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 385-389 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0079-z

Abstract: The green process to recover magnesium chloride from the residue solution of a potassium chloride productionThe residue solution contains magnesium chloride above 25 wt-%, potassium chloride and sodium chloridetogether below 5 wt-% and a few other ions such as Br, SO and Ca.The crystallized impurity carnallite obtained from the first step is recycled to the potassium chlorideThe produced magnesium chloride is up to industrial criteria.

Keywords： industrial production     chemical industrial     produced magnesium     chloride production     impurity carnallite    

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Effects of metal ions on the morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers by hydrothermal method

Tianjie Liu, Hao Fan, Yanxia Xu, Xingfu Song, Jianguo Yu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 545-553 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1665-8

Abstract: The effects of Na , Mg , Al and Fe ion concentrations on the crystal morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers formed via a hydrothermal method have been studied. In the presence of Al concentrations higher than 1×10 mol/L the whiskers were significantly shorter and thicker and the presence of Mg and Fe resulted in shorter whiskers. The presence of Na did not affect the morphology of the whiskers. Through elemental analysis, it was determined that Mg and Al were selectively adsorbed on the surfaces of the crystals, whereas Fe underwent a hydrolysis reaction to form a brown precipitate which decreased the ion concentration in the solution. These results indicate that in raw materials used for the industrial preparation of calcium sulfate whiskers, Al and Fe should be removed and the Mg concentration should be less than 8 × 10 mol/L in order to obtain pure whiskers with high aspect ratios.

Keywords： metal ions     morphology     calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers     hydrothermal method     selective adsorption    

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Removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater by micellar enhanced ultrafiltration using mixed surfactants

Amar D. Vibhandik, Kumudini V. Marathe

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 79-86 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1407-0

Abstract: Ni(II) ions were removed from aqueous waste using micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) with a mixture

Keywords： MEUF     Ni (II) ions     membrane resistance     concentration polarization     mixed surfactants    

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Long-term durability of onshore coated concrete —chloride ion and carbonation effects

Seyedhamed SADATI,Mehdi K. MORADLLO,Mohammad SHEKARCHI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 150-161 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0341-2

Abstract: Surface chloride ion build-up and variation in chloride ion diffusion were monitored with respect to

Keywords： carbonation     chloride ion     corrosion     service life     surface coating    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Coupled diffusion of chloride and other ions in saturated concrete

Nattapong DAMRONGWIRIYANUPAP, Linyuan LI, Yunping XI

Journal Article

Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave-activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH, and chlorideions

Yuchi LEE, Shanglien LO, Jeff KUO, Chinghong HSIEH

Journal Article

Characterization of electrode fouling during electrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutant

Xuefeng Liu, Shijie You, Fang Ma, Hao Zhou

Journal Article

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

Journal Article

Evaluating effect of chloride attack and concrete cover on the probability of corrosion

Sanjeev Kumar VERMA, Sudhir Singh BHADAURIA, Saleem AKHTAR

Journal Article

Progress on cleaner production of vinyl chloride monomers over non-mercury catalysts

Jinli ZHANG, Nan LIU, Wei LI, Bin DAI

Journal Article

Chloride binding and time-dependent surface chloride content models for fly ash concrete

S. MUTHULINGAM,B. N. RAO

Journal Article

On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

Lv XU, Yuanyang HU, Liwei WANG, Ruzhu WANG,

Journal Article

minimized fluorescent chemosensor array utilizing carboxylate-attached polythiophenes on a chip for metal ions

Yui Sasaki, Xiaojun Lyu, Zhoujie Zhang, Tsuyoshi Minami

Journal Article

Spectrokinetics study of probable effects of diverse inorganic ions on bleaching of dye

Rafia AZMAT, Masooda QADRI, Fahim UDDIN

Journal Article

Nano-copper ions assembled cellulose-based composite with antibacterial activity for biodegradable personal

Journal Article

Green process to recover magnesium chloride from residue solution of potassium chloride production plant

WANG Lin, HE Yunliang, WANG Yanfei, BAO Ying, WANG Jingkang

Journal Article

Effects of metal ions on the morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers by hydrothermal method

Tianjie Liu, Hao Fan, Yanxia Xu, Xingfu Song, Jianguo Yu

Journal Article

Removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater by micellar enhanced ultrafiltration using mixed surfactants

Amar D. Vibhandik, Kumudini V. Marathe

Journal Article

Long-term durability of onshore coated concrete —chloride ion and carbonation effects

Seyedhamed SADATI,Mehdi K. MORADLLO,Mohammad SHEKARCHI

Journal Article